美國FDA的最新研究，研究懷疑最近流行的無谷糧可能和狗的某種心臟病有關系，并公布了一系列報告病例。詳細報道可以戳這里：無谷糧遭質疑，FDA點名16家品牌，愛肯拿等在列。這個話題近期在美國主流媒體也引起了不少討論和關注，另一方面，也有不同聲音認為，FDA的報告沒有將其他各種因素排查窮盡，還不能下結論認為“無谷”是導致DCM的原因。
今天分享一個不同的聲音，作者是一位美國獸醫，多年來一直主張無谷喂養(自制鮮糧喂養)。為了方便各位中國寵物讀者參考，我們對其博客文章進行了部分摘選，并通過中英文對照的形式供各位參考。
The Federal Drug Administration (FDA) launched a study one year ago investigating dogs diagnosed with Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM) .Recently the FDA reported its findings of what they know to date.
一年前，美國聯邦藥物管理局(FDA)發起了一項研究，對被診斷為擴張型心肌病(DCM)的犬進行了一項研究。 最近FDA報告了他們迄今為止所知的發現。
What we know
我們確定的信息
There are an estimated 77 million dogs in the United States.
據估計，美國有7700萬只狗。
DCM has been reported in dogs and cats years prior to this report. Common causes are genetic, however infectious disease (viral, bacterial and parasitic), heavy metal toxicity, chemotherapy drugs, obesity, diabetes and other metabolic disorders can cause DCM.There are 560 reported dog cases of DCM and 14 cat cases in the FDA investigation. This represents 0.0007% of the total dog population in the United States.
關于狗和貓的DCM在本報告之前就已經被報告過。常見的病因是遺傳，但傳染病(病毒，細菌和寄生蟲)，重金屬毒性，化療藥物，肥胖，糖尿病和其他代謝紊亂可能導致DCM。在FDA調查里，出現了560宗犬患DCM個案及14宗貓個案。這占了美國狗總數的0.0007%。
Dogs ate grain-free and grain-containing diets; most ate grain free in the FDA investigation. It is not known if the amount of grain-free diets fed represents a market share。
狗吃無谷和含有谷物的食物;在FDA的調查中，大多數狗吃的是無谷糧。目前不能確定這是否和無谷糧的市場份額相匹配。
The 77-page complaint report contained dogs and cats diagnosed with DCM. Some of the dogs were NOT diagnosed with an echocardiogram, which is the standard of care to diagnose DCM.
這份77頁的投訴報告包括了很多被診斷為DCM的狗和貓。但有些狗沒有超聲心動圖診斷，而這是診斷DCM的標準流程。
The FDA has made no recommendations since starting the investigation over one year ago.
自一年多前開始調查以來，FDA并沒有提出任何建議。
My findings and experience
我的發現和經驗
I have recommended grain-free diets since 2005 (14 years.) While practicing I have diagnosed 4 cases of DCM in 21 years of seeing medical cases.In the whole scheme of health risks for dogs, this study is very small and the DCM is relatively uncommon in the general population. In scientific analysis and study, 0.0007% is not statically significant. To put it into perspective over 50% of American dogs are overweight. Obesity also causes DCM.
自2005年以來，我這14年一直在推薦不含谷物的寵物飲食方式。在實踐中，我在21年的醫療案例中診斷出4例DCM。在整個狗的健康風險中，這項研究規模非常小，DCM通常是比較少見的。在科學分析和研究中，0.0007%沒有統計學意義。從長遠來看，超過50%的美國狗超重，而肥胖也會引起DCM。
Processed food is considered to have less nutritional value than whole fresh food. Poor nutrition in people is a contributing factor to DCM in humans. Let’s face it, ANY dog food in a can, bag or bulk container is processed in some way. It is not the most nutritious food. The most nutritious food is fresh。 I recommend adding in fresh cooked meat, like turkey, chicken, beef or fish with each meal in addition to fresh veggies. For cats, only add in the meat. I do recommend raw meat feeding IF it comes from a SAFE commercial handler of raw meat like Primal Pet foods. Please do not feed grocery store meat raw. It contains bacteria levels, which are considered safe only if cooked. Cooked grocery store meat is safe.
加工食品比新鮮食品營養價值更低，營養不良是導致DCM的一個重要因素。讓我們面對現實：罐頭、袋裝或散裝的任何狗糧都是以某種方式加工的，它不是最有營養的食物。最有營養的食物是新鮮的。我建議在寵物飲食里，除了新鮮蔬菜，要添加新鮮熟肉，如火雞，雞肉，牛肉或魚。貓只加肉。如果生肉來自安全的加工商，我建議食用生肉。請不要把雜貨店的生肉用來喂食，它的細菌水平可能超標，只有在煮熟后才被認為是安全的。喂熟食雜貨店的肉通常是安全的。
I believe I have “fixed” more medical problems with grain-free diets than I have with grain-containing diets. Many grains cause issues in our pets including skin, ear and anal gland problems. By removing grains, we remove itchiness and discomfort for many pets. I am a huge supporter that food is medicine and by modifying diets, we can fix many diseases. Perhaps the biggest disease is obesity affecting over 50% of our dogs. Grain-free food, when fed properly, gets dogs to lose weight, and weight loss fixes many problems.
我相信相比含有谷物的食品，無谷的飲食解決了更多的寵物醫療問題。許多谷物會引發寵物健康問題，包括皮膚、耳朵和肛門腺等。通過把谷物從食譜里去掉，我們消除了許多寵物的瘙癢和不適。我非常支持“食療”，通過改變飲食，可以防御很多疾病。也許最大的疾病就是肥胖，肥胖影響了超過50%的狗。如果喂食合適的無谷食物，可以讓狗保持更健康的身材，而減肥可以解決非常多問題。
Some of the dog foods in the investigation are over-represented like Zignature and Acana pet foods. These pet foods do contain peas as a protein source. Peas provide a great deal of protein but provide protein from a plant source, not a meat source. Not all protein sources are considered equal. Specific amino acids are found in meats that are not found in plants. One is taurine.This is why a vegetarian diet is not recommended for your dog.
調查中的一些寵物食品問題被夸大了。比如zignature和acana。這些食物中的確使用了豌豆作為蛋白質來源。豌豆提供了大量蛋白質，但是植物蛋白而非動物來源蛋白。并不是所有的蛋白質都是一樣的，有一些特定氨基酸只存在于肉類中，比如牛磺酸。這就是為什么我不推薦你的狗吃素。
UC Davis published a report in 2003 of dogs eating lamb and rice food that had low taurine levels and hypothesized it caused DCM.
加州大學戴維斯分校于2003年發表了一份報告。當狗吃羊肉和米飯時，牛磺酸含量較低，并假設這是引起DCM的原因。
Determining what causes DCM in the dog is very complicated. So far only grain-free diets has been implicated. One important observation is that ALL but one or two of these diets were processed (one or two were homemade.) As a veterinarian I must recommend what I think is best for my patients, natural fresh food is best. If you cannot cook for your pet daily (which most of us can’t) then second best is anything in moderation, so adding in fresh cooked meat and veggies daily is a great option.
要確定狗患有DCM的原因非常復雜。到目前為止，只有無谷物飲食被密切關聯。一項重要的觀察是，除了一到兩個特例，大部分被報告的都是喂的加工食品。作為一名獸醫，我必須推薦我認為對我的病人最好的，自然新鮮的食物是最好的。如果你不能每天為你的寵物做飯(我們大多數人都做不到)，那么第二好的選擇就是適度烹飪，所以每天添加新鮮的熟肉和蔬菜是一個很好的選擇。
My Recommendations
我的建議
The FDA has not made any formal recommendations. They recommend you speak with your veterinarian.
FDA沒有提出任何正式建議。他們建議你咨詢獸醫。
If you are concerned, your dog can be examined by a veterinarian, chest xrays and an echocardiogram can be performed to rule-out DCM.
如果你擔心，你的狗可以通過獸醫檢查，胸部X光檢查和超聲心動圖可以排除DCM。
Researchers at UC Davis do believe that Golden Retrievers may have a genetic predilection to DCM and taurine deficiency. If you own a Golden who’s parents have DCM, it is important to get a baseline echocardiogram and cardiac workup for your dog.
加州大學戴維斯分校的研究人員認為，金毛獵犬可能更容易發生DCM和牛磺酸缺乏。如果你擁有一條金毛而且它的父母有DCM病史，可以為你的狗做一個超聲心動圖和心臟檢查。
At this time I do not recommend switching your dog off of grain-free food if your dog is doing well. I do recommend adding in fresh meat (cooked) and veggies daily to add fresh protein, vitamins and minerals. I do recommend rotating diets to give your dog a variety of foods. Rotating meat and veggies is also important. I do recommend seeing your veterinarian on a routine basis to have your dog examined to pick up on any disease. Exercise and keeping your dog lean also contributes to a healthy pet.
如果你的狗現在狀態很好，我認為你不應該放棄無谷物喂養。我建議每天添加新鮮肉類(熟食)和蔬菜，添加新鮮蛋白質、維生素和礦物質。我確實推薦給你的狗輪流喂多種食物，輪換肉類和蔬菜也很重要。我建議你讓獸醫保持日常檢查，以發現任何疾病跡象。運動和保持你的狗的好身材也有助于它度過健康長壽的一生。
本文參考來源：《FDA, DCM and Grain-free Diets》 https://canobievet.com/fda-dcm-and-grain-free-diets/
圖片來源：Pixabay
中文編譯：ilowlow@寵物行業觀察
